Pygmy dipole resonances in relativistic random phase approximation

The isovector dipole response in $^{208}$Pb is described in the framework of a fully self-consistent relativistic random phase approximation. The NL3 parameter set for the effective mean-field Lagrangian with nonlinear meson self-interaction terms, used in the present calculations, reproduces ground state properties as well as the excitation energies of giant resonances in nuclei. In addition to the isovector dipole resonance in $^{208}$Pb, the present analysis predicts the occurrence of low-lying E1 peaks in the energy region between 7 and 11 MeV. In particular, a collective state has been identified whose dynamics correspond to that of a dipole pygmy resonance: the vibration of the excess neutrons against the inert core composed of equal number of protons and neutrons.Comment: LaTex 7 pages, 4 eps Figs, submitted to Phys. Lett.

Neutrino and antineutrino cross sections in 12^{12}C

We extend the formalism of weak interaction processes, obtaining new expressions for the transition rates, which greatly facilitate numerical calculations, both for neutrino-nucleus reactions and muon capture. We have done a thorough study of exclusive (ground state) properties of $^{12}$B and $^{12}$N within the projected quasiparticle random phase approximation (PQRPA). Good agreement with experimental data is achieved in this way. The inclusive neutrino/antineutrino ($\nu/\tilde{\nu}$) reactions $^{12}$C($\nu,e^-)^{12}$N and $^{12}$C($\tilde{\nu},e^+)^{12}$B are calculated within both the PQRPA, and the relativistic QRPA (RQRPA). It is found that the magnitudes of the resulting cross-sections: i) are close to the sum-rule limit at low energy, but significantly smaller than this limit at high energies both for $\nu$ and $\tilde{\nu}$, ii) they steadily increase when the size of the configuration space is augmented, and particulary for $\nu/\tilde{\nu}$ energies $> 200$ MeV, and iii) converge for sufficiently large configuration space and final state spin.Comment: Proceedings of the International Nuclear Physics Conference 2010, Vancouver, BC - Canada 4-9 Jul 201

Neutron star structure and collective excitations of finite nuclei

We study relationships between properties of collective excitations in finite nuclei and the phase transition density $n_t$ and pressure $P_t$ at the inner edge separating the liquid core and the solid crust of a neutron star. A theoretical framework that includes the thermodynamic method, relativistic nuclear energy density functionals and the quasiparticle random-phase approximation is employed in a self-consistent calculation of $(n_t,P_t)$ and collective excitations in nuclei. The covariance analysis shows that properties of charge-exchange dipole transitions, isovector giant dipole and quadrupole resonances and pygmy dipole transitions are correlated with the core-crust transition density and pressure. A set of relativistic nuclear energy density functionals, characterized by systematic variation of the density dependence of the symmetry energy of nuclear matter, is used to constrain possible values for $(n_t,P_t)$. By comparing the calculated excitation energies of giant resonances, energy weighted pygmy dipole strength, and dipole polarizability with available data, we obtain the weighted average values: $n_t = 0.0955 \pm 0.0007$ fm$^{-3}$ and $P_t = 0.59 \pm 0.05$ MeV fm$^{-3}$.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, paper submitted for publicatio

Interacting boson-fermion model calculation of the level scheme and electromagnetic properties of 99Zr

A theoretical study of the 99Zr nucleus is presented. Energy levels, wave functions, and electromagnetic rates were calculated in the framework of the interacting boson-fermion model and are compared to the available data for low-lying states. In particular, we discuss the sensitivity of the g factor of the 3/2+1 state to the quenching of the spin gyromagnetic ratio and to the structure of the respective wave function

The design and construction of an electronic D-C analog computer

To make this project realizable with the funds available and in the time allowed, and to set forth some definite goals, the following objectives were adopted: Design, construct, and place in working order a d-c electronic analog computer capable of solving 4th order linear differential equations with constant coefficients. Include in the design provisions for real time computation, and also fast, repetitive operation. Provide for later expansion of the computer installation. Limit expenditures to $700 --Introduction, page 4

Collective excitations in the Unitary Correlation Operator Method and relativistic QRPA studies of exotic nuclei

The collective excitation phenomena in atomic nuclei are studied in two different formulations of the Random Phase Approximation (RPA): (i) RPA based on correlated realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions constructed within the Unitary Correlation Operator Method (UCOM), and (ii) relativistic RPA (RRPA) derived from effective Lagrangians with density-dependent meson-exchange interactions. The former includes the dominant interaction-induced short-range central and tensor correlations by means of an unitary transformation. It is shown that UCOM-RPA correlations induced by collective nuclear vibrations recover a part of the residual long-range correlations that are not explicitly included in the UCOM Hartree-Fock ground state. Both RPA models are employed in studies of the isoscalar monopole resonance (ISGMR) in closed-shell nuclei across the nuclide chart, with an emphasis on the sensitivity of its properties on the constraints for the range of the UCOM correlation functions. Within the Relativistic Quasiparticle RPA (RQRPA) based on Relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov model, the occurrence of pronounced low-lying dipole excitations is predicted in nuclei towards the proton drip-line. From the analysis of the transition densities and the structure of the RQRPA amplitudes, it is shown that these states correspond to the proton pygmy dipole resonance.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physics of Atomic Nuclei, conference proceedings, "Frontiers in the Physics of Nucleus", St. Petersburg, 28. June-1. July, 200

Two-neutrino double-beta decay matrix elements based on relativistic nuclear energy density functional

Nuclear matrix elements (NMEs) for two-neutrino double-beta decay ($2\nu\beta\beta$) are studied in the framework of relativistic nuclear energy density functional (REDF). The properties of nuclei involved in the decay are obtained using the relativistic Hartree-Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory and relevant nuclear transitions are described using the relativistic proton-neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation based on relativistic energy density functional (REDF-QRPA). Three effective interactions have been employed, including density-dependent meson-exchange (DD-ME2) and point coupling interactions (DD-PC1 and DD-PCX), and pairing correlations are described consistently both in $T=1$ and $T=0$ channels using a separable pairing interaction. The optimal values of $T=0$ pairing strength parameter $V_{0pp}$ are constrained by the experimental data on $\beta$-decay half lives. The $2\nu\beta\beta$ matrix elements and half-lives are calculated for several nuclides experimentally known to undergo this kind of decay: $^{48}$Ca, $^{76}$Ge, $^{82}$Se, $^{96}$Zr, $^{100}$Mo, $^{116}$Cd, $^{124}$Xe, $^{128}$Te, $^{130}$Te, $^{136}$Xe and $^{150}$Nd. The model dependence of the NMEs and their sensitivity on $V_{0pp}$ is investigated, and the NMEs obtained using optimal values of $V_{0pp}$ are discussed in comparison to previous studies. The results of the present work represent an important benchmark for the future applications of the relativistic framework in studies of neutrinoless double-beta decay.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review

Pygmies, Giants, and Skins

Understanding the equation of state (EOS) of neutron-rich matter is a central goal of nuclear physics that cuts across a variety of disciplines. Indeed, the limits of nuclear existence, the collision of energetic heavy ions, the structure of neutron stars, and the dynamics of core-collapse supernova all depend critically on the nuclear-matter EOS. In this contribution I focus on the EOS of cold baryonic matter with special emphasis on its impact on the structure, dynamics, and composition of neutron stars. In particular, I discuss how laboratory experiments on neutron skins as well as on Pygmy and Giant resonances can help us elucidate the structure of these fascinating objects.Comment: Invited Talk given at the 11th International Conference on Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (NN2012), San Antonio, Texas, USA, May 27-June 1, 2012. To appear in the NN2012 Proceedings in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS

Semantic Transformation of Web Services

Web services have become the predominant paradigm for the development of distributed software systems. Web services provide the means to modularize software in a way that functionality can be described, discovered and deployed in a platform independent manner over a network (e.g., intranets, extranets and the Internet). The representation of web services by current industrial practice is predominantly syntactic in nature lacking the fundamental semantic underpinnings required to fulfill the goals of the emerging Semantic Web. This paper proposes a framework aimed at (1) modeling the semantics of syntactically defined web services through a process of interpretation, (2) scop-ing the derived concepts within domain ontologies, and (3) harmonizing the semantic web services with the domain ontologies. The framework was vali-dated through its application to web services developed for a large financial system. The worked example presented in this paper is extracted from the se-mantic modeling of these financial web services